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Small business guide

How to read a balance sheet: what you own, what you owe.

A balance sheet is a snapshot of the business on one day. It lists what the business owns, what it owes, and what is left for the owner.

✓ Checking what you qualify for does not affect your credit score.

The one equation

Every balance sheet follows assets = liabilities + equity. Assets are what the business owns. Liabilities are what it owes. Equity is the difference, the owner’s stake.

What goes in each section

SectionTypical items
AssetsCash, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, vehicles
LiabilitiesAccounts payable, credit cards, loans, sales tax and payroll taxes owed
EquityOwner contributions, owner draws, retained earnings

A simple example (illustrative)

LineAmount
Cash$20,000
Accounts receivable$15,000
Equipment$25,000
Total assets$60,000
Accounts payable$10,000
Loan balance$20,000
Total liabilities$30,000
Equity$30,000

Assets of $60,000 equal liabilities of $30,000 plus equity of $30,000.

Two checks worth running

Current ratio. Current assets divided by current liabilities. Above 1 means short-term assets cover short-term debts.
Debt against equity. Total liabilities divided by equity shows how much of the business is financed by creditors.

A balance sheet shows position, not performance. Pair it with a profit and loss. See how to create a profit and loss statement.

How this helps when you apply for funding

Clean books make a funding review faster, because the numbers a funder reads in your bank statements match what you can explain. We fund from $25,000 to $5,000,000, decisions move fast, and funding can arrive in as little as 24 hours for qualified businesses. We read about three months of business bank statements, consider owners with a FICO score of 500 or above, and sole proprietors can apply.

See bookkeeping habits that make funding easier and the financial statements funders want, then start your application. It takes about five minutes and begins with a soft credit pull.

Common questions

How often should I prepare a balance sheet?

Monthly is common. At minimum, prepare one at year end.

What is the difference between a balance sheet and a profit and loss?

A balance sheet is a snapshot on one date. A profit and loss covers a period of time.

What are retained earnings?

Profits kept in the business over time instead of being paid out to the owner.

Is equipment an asset or an expense?

A long-lasting purchase is usually recorded as an asset and written off over time. Ask your accountant how to treat specific purchases.

Do I need one to apply for funding?

Funders mostly read business bank statements. A balance sheet helps if you want to explain your position.

See what you qualify for

Same-day decision. Applying takes a few minutes and will not affect your credit score.

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